We assess the literature on public and private quality standards and their impact in food markets, international trade …, and global supply chains. We focus on their effects on welfare, trade, industrial organization, and labor markets and with … impediment against trade and development, reflecting the complexity of these effects and their specificity to industries and …

This paper presents promising methodologies for modeling and quantifying nontariff barriers (NTB) to trade in the … on trade and to methods that provide some quantitative estimates of the impact of such barriers on market equilibrium …, trade flows, economic efficiency, and welfare. Given the heterogeneous nature of these regulations, a unifying methodology …

sugar program; a second section is devoted to the welfare and trade effects of the US sugar program; and a final section … program is becoming unsustainable because sugar imports are progressively creeping into the US market through regional trade … reductions in amber box limits under a potential Doha Agreement of the World Trade Organization (WTO). The current support …

merchandise trade. …

to the military attack on Ukraine. These sanctions include various restrictive measures on trade with Russia. In this … brief, we examine the potential short-term effects of trade sanctions on Russian production with an input-output framework …. We find that the trade sanctions can have substantial negative effects on Russian production when Russia is unable to …

This brief examines the development of Russia's trade flows in the March-June period following Russia's invasion of … Ukraine. Russia ceased publication of foreign trade statistics after the war broke out, so we utilize the trade statistics of …. Russian industrial output reflects a shift in foreign trade. High-tech industries reliant on imported inputs contracted, while …

economies. Countries imposing sanctions on Russia accounted for half of Russia's foreign trade and over half of foreign … financial flows before the war. We analyse the development of Russia's trade and financial relations in recent months and find … that Russia's success in reorienting its trade and investment flows has been mixed. …