The gender gap measured by average number of years of schooling for the Brazilian population had favored the male population up to the 1980 Census. In 1991, though it was reversed and women averaged .26 year more of schooling than their male counterparts. These aggregated statistics fudge...

This paper analyses the situation with respect to Social Insurance and Social Assistance of the Brazilian population disaggregated by urban/rural condition, during the nineties. We compare, by sex and individual age, activity rates and probability of receiving benefits in the period. For the...

Social security is concerned on easing the impact of contingencies that lead to capacity loss for generating income. There are, however, conceptual differences between genders with respect to social security contributions and benefits. This text is concerned with equality and specificity in the...

This paper analyses the situation of the Brazilian population disaggregated by urban/rural condition with respect to Social Insurance and Social Assistance with emphasis on recent changes. It starts with a historical overview of the system, but concentrates on new provisions mandated by the 1988...