how wholesale pricing regulation might affect this process; the introduction of differentiated wholesale remedies … interplay with access regulation. Using the recent economic literature, arguments and possible guidelines are proposed, which …

Regulation in Europe has rested heavily on the historic monopolist asymmetrically providing its competitors with access … to its own copper local loop. When the regulation of fibre loops was contemplated, the European Commission initially … proposed in 2008 that Next Generation Access (NGA) regulation should rely on good access to passive infrastructure, in order to …

CAPEX-bias occurs when the OPEX solution is the more efficient approach, but regulation sets distorted incentives to choose …

challenges not only huge investment in grid expansion and smart grid technologies is required, but also the network regulation … period, X-factor, and allowed rate of return. We conclude that in the era of smart grids, incentive regulation requires a … and smart grid technologies. To do so, incentive regulation should be supplemented by more innovative, investment …

This paper explores the relation between the regulation of monopolistic upstream prices and the incentives of a …