Guidelines on horizontal cooperation agreements, which contain a chapter dedicated to the application of EU competition rules to … can be problematic under EU competition law, but which have not yet been dealt with by the EU courts or the Commission …

in the Association Agreements signed between the European Union (EU) and the Mediterranean Partners (MPs) currently fail … practices remain unchallenged. In addition, this study addresses the issue of regulatory convergence between the EU and the MPs …) competition rules. It argues that while such convergence would bring a series of benefits to both the EU and the MPs, it would …

achieved through the enforcement of EU competition law rules. Against this backdrop, this paper explores the application of EU … as follows. Section 2 discusses judgments of the EU and EFTA Courts which broke new ground with respect to substantial …

of EU competition law. This paper takes a quantitative approach as it analyses the factors that have been considered by … Commission decisions have been appealed to the General Court of the EU.Our analysis shows that the Commission has made …