um 5 Prozentpunkte. Unsere Berechnungen ergeben, dass in der EU 38 % des proportionalen Einkommensschocks vom Staat … USA deutlich größer: 48 % in der EU und lediglich 34 % in den USA. Unter der Annahme, dass nur die Nachfrage … Einkommens zu einer Nachfragestabilisierung, die in der EU von 23 bis 32 % des Einkommensschocks reicht und in den USA 19 …

income shock in the EU, compared to 32 per cent in the US. In the case of an unemployment shock 48 per cent of the shock are … absorbed in the EU, compared to 34 per cent in the US. This cushioning of disposable income leads to a demand stabilization of … 26 to 35 per cent in the EU and 19 per cent in the US. There is large heterogeneity within the EU. Automatic stabilizers …

study the economic effects of introducing two elements of a fiscal union: Firstly, an EU-wide tax and transfer system and … secondly, an EU-wide system of fiscal equalisation. Using the European tax-benefit calculator EUROMOD, we exploit … countries. These effects depend on income levels and the structures of the existing national tax and transfer systems. The EU …