The relationships among competition in the financial sector, access of firms to external financing, and associated … economic growth are ambiguous in theory. Moreover, measuring competition in the financial sector can be complex. In this paper … Claessens and Laeven first estimate for 16 countries a measure of banking system competition based on industrial organization …

The relationships among competition in the financial sector, access of firms to external financing, and associated … economic growth are ambiguous in theory. Moreover, measuring competition in the financial sector can be complex. In this paper … the authors first estimate for 16 countries a measure of banking system competition based on industrial organization …

opted for issuing blanket guarantees on bank liabilities to stop or avoid widespread bank runs. In theory, blanket … guarantees can prevent bank runs if they are credible. However, guarantee could add substantial fiscal costs to bank …

interventions aimed at alleviating the bank capital crunch. We find that the growth of firms dependent on external financing is … disproportionately positively affected by bank recapitalization policies, and that this effect is quantitatively important and robust to …

The appropriate level of bank capital and, more generally, a bank's capacity to absorb losses, has been at the core of … to avoid imposing losses on bank creditors or resorting to public recapitalizations of banks in past banking crises. The … bank credit and lending rates. Its findings broadly support the range of loss absorbency suggested by the Financial …