This paper introduces a cost-based, dichotomous theoretical framework of governance to the studies of strategic management and international business. Our paper compares the nature and dynamics of relation-based governance with those of rule-based governance. The framework is applied to provide...

Direct investment and indirect (portfolio) investment require different governance mechanisms for investor protection. The literature on the effect of the governance environment (such as the legal system) on investment, which had been relatively underdeveloped, has begun to draw more attention...

The study of culture on economic development provides great potential for us to better understand why some economies grow faster. However, realizing this potential is challenging due to the difficulty of collecting cultural data and the unreliable nature of using such data. I propose to use...

This study examines how firms have made strategic choices and performed during the COVID-19 pandemic. Drawing on the organizational resources and strategic change literature, it uses World Bank Enterprise Surveys and the COVID-19 Follow-up Enterprise Surveys to examine how different endowments...

Evidence shows that the majority of Western expatriate managers fail in their job assignments in developing countries. To go beyond attributions of expatriate failure to quot;cultural differencesquot; this article responds to calls for a theoretical basis for understanding expatriate performance...

This study offers a new perspective to analyze the interface between information and communication technology (ICT) and corporate governance and how the interface differs across countries with different political and economic environments. We first introduce a theoretical framework of...

Traditionally, the Chinese government used an “iron fist” to control the economy and firms under central planning. However, the economic reforms since 1978 have substantially changed the institutional landscape. After more than two decades of dramatic economic transition, the economy is now...

Manuscript Type: Perspective Research Question/Issue: Relation-based governance has helped China to achieve rapid economic growth in its early stage; however, continuing to rely on it may hinder China’s further development. The research question is: given China’s cultural heritage and other...

Purpose – Amid the rising concerns about the unbalanced globalization, there has been a renewed interest in examining the pattern of international trade and investment, especially between emerging and mature economies. In this study, the purpose of this paper is to examine the role of...