We analyze how adding the shadow economy to official output figures affects technical efficiency. We find that this only slightly affects the ranking of efficiency scores, but increases average efficiency. Our results are robust to the functional form of the production technology and the...

This paper analyzes the influence of the shadow economy on corruption and vice versa. We hypothesize that corruption and shadow economy are substitutes in high income countries while they are complements in low income countries. The hypotheses are tested for a crosssection of 120 countries and a...

The need for a stable monetary policy arises from several facts about business cycles. For example, practically all recessions in industrial countries were preceded by restrictive measures of central, banks. The main cause for the instability, however, was the expansionary policy that led to a...

The paper presents a detailed description of IMF and World Bank conditionality and tries to explain changes in this conditionality over time as well as differences between the two institutions. Using panel data it is shown that the number of Fund conditions seem to be influenced by...

We analyse the effect of IMF and World Bank policies on the composite index of economic freedom by Gwartney et al. (2000) as well as its sub-indexes, using a panel of 85 countries observed between 1970 and 1997. With respect to the Bank, we find that the number of projects has a positive impact...

[Expansion der Weltwirtschaft verliert allmählich an Fahrt] Die Weltkonjunktur zeigt sich zu Beginn des Jahres 2006 weiter in robuster Verfassung. Zwar deutet sich für die Vereinigten Staaten an, dass die Geldpolitik allmählich die Nachfrage zu dämpfen beginnt; gleichzeitig haben sich aber...

[Konjunktur in den Industrieländern bleibt vorerst kräftig] Die Konjunktur in den Industrieländern ist auch in der ersten Hälfte des Jahres 2006 deutlich aufwärts gerichtet gewesen. Allerdings haben sich die konjunkturellen Rahmenbedingungen in den vergangenen Monaten merklich...

[Konjunkturelle Expansion in den Industrieländern flacht sich ab] Der Aufschwung in den Industrieländern hat im Verlauf des Jahres 2006 an Fahrt verloren. Dabei zeigten sich zwischen den großen Wirtschaftsräumen unterschiedliche Tendenzen. Während sich die Auslastung der...