sales, and we show that import is even more concentrated than export both within sectors and along the sector and country …

international trade, together with some new facts. First, the availability of information on import and export enables us to … differentiate firms involved in both trading activities - namely two-way traders - from firms that only export, and from those that … only import. We show that firms engaged in both import and export outperform those involved in either importing or …

- namely two-way traders - from firms that only export, and from those that only import. We show that two-way traders have a … export or import. The paper also looks at how the wages and the skill structure of the trading firms change with the country …

This paper investigates the relation between firms' productivity and exporting behavior in presence of export … productivity-sorting prediction according to which domestic firms are less efficient than those resorting to an export intermediary …, while the latter are less productive than producers which export directly. Our novel finding is that firms' productivity has …

country-specific fixed cost in the choice of direct versus indirect modes of export. Recent theoretical work suggests that …