This contribution discusses the development of Austria's trade with the European Union. First, a descriptive analysis … shows that Austrian exports to the European Union were adversely affected by trade barriers during the 1980s and in the … gravity model for a panel of OECD countries confirms positive trade liberalization effects after the country's accession to …

We analyse trade between countries of the Council of Mutual Economic Assistance in Eastern Europe between 1950 and 1990 …. Despite central planning of the CMEA, we show that trade could be explained by standard demand factors surprisingly well. We … improved terms of trade with the rest of the world and the CMEA as a whole responded to the oil crisis by intensifying intra …