public administration reforms for a panel of EU countries using a novel reform indicator. The findings support the political … Europe. Administrative reforms which boost the efficiency of the administration can alleviate the trade-off between … other EU countries, and for vertical learning associated with a particular type of EU transfers. …

that national differences of the pass-through speed in the EU can be regarded as a retail-oriented indicator of financial …

like the EU deficit limits. The econometric results indicate that the decline is largely due to two developments: First to … privatisation process nor EU deficit restrictions of the Maastricht Treaty can explain the decline. …