This paper provides an alternative approach to Duffie and Lando (2001) for obtaining a reduced form credit risk model from a structural model. Duffie and Lando obtain a reduced form model by constructing an economy where the market sees the manager's information set plus noise. The noise makes...

This paper presents an arbitrage-free valuation model for a credit risky security where credit risk coexists and interacts with an asset price bubble and liquidity risk (or liquidity costs). As an illustration, this model is applied to determine the fair rate for microfinance loans