This paper documents a robust empirical regularity: in the long-run, higher trade openness iscausally associated to a … within-country trade. Our main findingis robust to various definitions of unemployment rates and openness measures …. Thepreferred specification suggests that a 10 percent increase in total trade openness reducesunemployment by about one percentage …

In theoretical trade models with variable markups and collective wage bargaining, export exposure may reduce the …

merchandise trade. …

to the military attack on Ukraine. These sanctions include various restrictive measures on trade with Russia. In this … brief, we examine the potential short-term effects of trade sanctions on Russian production with an input-output framework …. We find that the trade sanctions can have substantial negative effects on Russian production when Russia is unable to …

This brief examines the development of Russia's trade flows in the March-June period following Russia's invasion of … Ukraine. Russia ceased publication of foreign trade statistics after the war broke out, so we utilize the trade statistics of …. Russian industrial output reflects a shift in foreign trade. High-tech industries reliant on imported inputs contracted, while …

economies. Countries imposing sanctions on Russia accounted for half of Russia's foreign trade and over half of foreign … financial flows before the war. We analyse the development of Russia's trade and financial relations in recent months and find … that Russia's success in reorienting its trade and investment flows has been mixed. …