systematically larger along the pre-Islamic trade routes in the Old World. The theory argues that this particular type of geography … economic performance. It suggests that the unequal distribution of land endowments conferred differential gains from trade …, capital accumulation remained low and wealth inequality bounded. Geography and trade shaped the set of economically relevant …

This study explores the interaction between trade and geography in shaping the Islamic economic doctrine and in turn … presence of trade opportunities conferred differential gains from trade across regions, fostering predatory behavior from the … redistribution featuring direct income transfers in return for safe passage to conduct trade. A commitment problem, however, rendered …

adherence is systematically higher along the pre-Islamic trade routes. We discuss the possible mechanisms that may give rise to … and proximity to lucrative trade routes. We argue that these elements exacerbated inequalities across diverse tribal … societies producing a conflictual environment that had the potential to disrupt trade flows. Any credible movement attempting to …

adherence is systematically larger along the pre- Islamic trade routes in the Old World. The theory argues that this particular … differential gains from trade across regions, fostering predatory behavior from the poorly endowed ones. In such an environment it … attractive. As a result, capital accumulation remained low and wealth inequality bounded. Geography and trade shaped the set of …

systematically larger along the pre-Islamic trade routes in the Old World. The theory argues that this particular type of geography … economic performance. It suggests that the unequal distribution of land endowments conferred differential gains from trade …, capital accumulation remained low and wealth inequality bounded. Geography and trade shaped the set of economically relevant …

computable general equilibrium trade model calibrated with the latest version of the GTAP database to simulate the effect of … doubling non-tariff barriers - both unilateral and reciprocal - between the two blocks on trade and welfare. Imposing trade … to cooperate rather than turning away from each other. By imposing a trade war on Russia, the political West could …

computable general equilibrium trade model calibrated with the latest version of the GTAP database to simulate the effect of … doubling non-tariff barriers - both unilateral and reciprocal - between the two blocks on trade and welfare. Imposing trade … to cooperate rather than turning away from each other. By imposing a trade war on Russia, the political West could …

merchandise trade. …

to the military attack on Ukraine. These sanctions include various restrictive measures on trade with Russia. In this … brief, we examine the potential short-term effects of trade sanctions on Russian production with an input-output framework …. We find that the trade sanctions can have substantial negative effects on Russian production when Russia is unable to …