systematically larger along the pre-Islamic trade routes in the Old World. The theory argues that this particular type of geography … economic performance. It suggests that the unequal distribution of land endowments conferred differential gains from trade …, capital accumulation remained low and wealth inequality bounded. Geography and trade shaped the set of economically relevant …

This study explores the interaction between trade and geography in shaping the Islamic economic doctrine and in turn … presence of trade opportunities conferred differential gains from trade across regions, fostering predatory behavior from the … redistribution featuring direct income transfers in return for safe passage to conduct trade. A commitment problem, however, rendered …

adherence is systematically higher along the pre-Islamic trade routes. We discuss the possible mechanisms that may give rise to … and proximity to lucrative trade routes. We argue that these elements exacerbated inequalities across diverse tribal … societies producing a conflictual environment that had the potential to disrupt trade flows. Any credible movement attempting to …

adherence is systematically larger along the pre- Islamic trade routes in the Old World. The theory argues that this particular … differential gains from trade across regions, fostering predatory behavior from the poorly endowed ones. In such an environment it … attractive. As a result, capital accumulation remained low and wealth inequality bounded. Geography and trade shaped the set of …

systematically larger along the pre-Islamic trade routes in the Old World. The theory argues that this particular type of geography … economic performance. It suggests that the unequal distribution of land endowments conferred differential gains from trade …, capital accumulation remained low and wealth inequality bounded. Geography and trade shaped the set of economically relevant …

systematically larger along the pre-Islamic trade routes in the Old World. The theory argues that this particular type of geography … economic performance. It suggests that the unequal distribution of land endowments conferred differential gains from trade …, capital accumulation remained low and wealth inequality bounded. Geography and trade shaped the set of economically relevant …

adherence is systematically higher along the pre-Islamic trade routes. We discuss the possible mechanisms that may give rise to … and proximity to lucrative trade routes. We argue that these elements exacerbated inequalities across diverse tribal … societies producing a conflictual environment that had the potential to disrupt trade flows. Any credible movement attempting to …

systematically larger along the pre-Islamic trade routes in the Old World. The theory argues that this particular type of geography … economic performance. It suggests that the unequal distribution of land endowments conferred differential gains from trade …, capital accumulation remained low and wealth inequality bounded. Geography and trade shaped the set of economically relevant …

This note examines changes in Russia's foreign trade during the past year. We discuss general trends in Russia's trade … based on estimates constructed from mirror statistics and developments in EU-Russia trade. The detailed analysis of Russia …'s trade flows and changes in its geographical structure. EU trade with Russia has generally declined substantially and Russia …