unemployment rate - into a short-term and a long-term component. While short-term unemployment might not result in additional … workers on a large scale, long-term unemployment reduces household income more, increasing the need for additional income. On … are available, distinguishing between short-term and long-term unemployment reveals discouragement effects. …

Using German data this study applies an unobserved-components approach to disentangle the unemployment rate into a … trend component of unemployment, which triggers permanent reactions of the workers, is likely connected to a structural … effect. By splitting up the participation effect of changes in the unemployment rate our analysis differs profoundly from …

unemployment nor any significant changes in wages as indicators of shortage. Finally, while population decline tends to depress …

growth. We find no clear effects on the unemployment rate and wages …

"Using German data this study applies an unobserved-components approach to disentangle the unemployment rate into a … trend component of unemployment, which triggers permanent reactions of the workers, is likely connected to a structural … effect. By splitting up the participation effect of changes in the unemployment rate our analysis differs profoundly from …

With the COVID-19 crisis as background, the underlying paper elaborates on setting up an unemployment insurance for … conditions with regard to self-employed and derive conclusions on how unemployment insurance for them should be designed. In this …, we investigate the key elements of such an insurance. When it comes to financing the unemployment scheme, we discuss how …