Using 13 years of intraday data for U.S. stocks, we find a strong tendency for positive returns during the overnight period followed by reversals during the trading day. This behavior is driven by an opening price that is high relative to intraday prices. We find this temporary price inflation...

Despite the popular use of product sampling as a promotional strategy by retailers, existing research has largely focused on offline sampling of physical goods and online sampling of information goods but overlooked online sampling of physical goods. We argue that, in the context of online...

The emergence of artificial intelligence (AI) with intelligent machine learning has helped humans in various sectors to achieve higher efficiency, more intelligent decision-making, and sustainability-sound solution providing. From the industrialization perspective, it has brought human society...

Despite the increasing popularity of product sampling promotions in e-commerce, empirical research investigating its sales impacts and mechanism still lags. The objective of this paper, therefore, is to investigate the economic impact of online product sampling promotions on e-commerce...

In this paper, the theoretic analysis by stochastic dynamics and numerical simulation by ANN algorithm for tumor-immune models driven by random noises are studied. Firstly, a mathematical model about the competition between tumor cells and immune system is established based on the...