Pareto-improving economic reforms that also simultaneously achieve efficiency can be implemented through a strategy of "dual-track" liberalization. Its success requires the feasibility of the original plan and its continued enforcement by the state. The Chinese experience demonstrates that such...

The paper analyzes China's rise, its causes and consequences as well as China's geopolitical strategy. We discuss in particular its meaning in the context of the evolution of the International (dis)order, threatened by nationalist populism. A particularly important question is the effect of...

Russia's invasion of Ukraine presents many challenges to the international order. To understand what is at stake, we argue that the nature of the political regime matters to understand this conflict. We propose a classification of three different types of political regimes (empires, nation...

This study provides evidence that culture understood as values and beliefs moves very slowly. Despite massive institutional change, values and beliefs in transition countries have not changed much over the last 20 years. Evidence suggests that culture is affected by the long run historical past,...