In most western societies, marital fertility began to decline in the nineteenth century. But in Ireland, fertility in … marriage remained stubbornly high into the twentieth century. Explanations of Ireland's late entry to the fertility transition … Irish outside of Ireland behaved the same way. This paper investigates these claims by examining the marital fertility of …

Understanding the complex relations between trade integration and poverty reduction is now a priority for Latin … the current state of knowledge about trade and poverty and offer contrasting points of view about whether freer trade can … reduce poverty in Latin America. One of the main lessons extracted from the book is that preexisting policies and …

This paper discusses the contribution made by American social scientists to the study of poverty in the past twenty … five years. It has three parts. The first concentrates on the measurement of poverty and the fact that the US poverty line … remained unchanged in that period despite its increasingly important deficiencies. Proposals to produce a revised poverty line …

US poverty is much higher than poverty in Europe when a relative poverty measure is used. Using an absolute poverty … measurement method, the picture looks different: poverty in some European countries is higher. This paper estimates poverty rates …) and the European Union (relative) to all the countries. The differences in poverty levels, both in time and between the 16 …

The two largest minorities in the United States, African Americans and people of Hispanic origin, show official poverty … rates that are at least twice as high as those among non-Hispanic Whites. These similarly high poverty rates among … poverty rates among racial and ethnic groups in the United States and its recent evolution. Our results show, first, that …

The evaluation of the impact on poverty of social programs depends on how other programs are treated in the analysis … and on the assumptions used for estimating poverty measures. This paper applies a simple yet sound method for allocating … between various programs the total poverty reduction obtained from several programs. Estimates of program impacts are also …