This paper re-examines the performance of REITs, stocks, and fixed-income assets based on the preferences of risk …-averse and risk-seeking investors using mean-variance and stochastic dominance approaches. Our findings indicate no first … order to maximize their expected utility, the risk-averse prefer fixed-income assets over real estate, which, in turn, is …

We examine asset prices in a representative-agent model of general equilibrium. Assuming only that individuals are risk … averse, we determine conditions on the changes in asset risk that are both necessary and sufficient for the asset price to … incomplete in the sense of containing an uninsurable background risk, such as a risk on labor income. We extend our model to show …

paradigmassumes that any investment strategy has its own "inherent reward" and "inherent risk" that can be judged with common sense …. Ijustify axiomatically the existence and uniqueness (ratio scale)of inherent reward (U) and inherent risk (D) that could … beregarded as universal measures of reward and risk for any giveninvestment strategy. Incorporating the notion of …

measures of risk. Furthermore, Qα(X ; p) is the optimal value in a certain minimization problem, the minimizers in which are … problems. In finance, Q0(X;p) and Q1(X ; p) are known as the value at risk (VaR) and the conditional value at risk (CVaR). The … sensitivity to risk. The problems of the effective computation of the bounds are considered. Various other related results are …

Food safety is a major risk for agribusiness firms. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC …/HACCP) in 1996 and the Food Modernization Act in 2010, to reduce food-safety risk, retail meat facilities continue to experience … evaluate the effectiveness for three strategies that are used by retail meat facilities. Copula value-at-risk (CVaR) was …