Buyout options allow bidders to instantly purchase at a specified price an item listed for sale through an online auction. A temporary buyout option disappears once a regular bid is submitted, while a permanent option remains available until it is exercised or the auction ends; such buyout price...

Problem de finition: The inventory control problem associated with the distribution of essential medicines in Zambia involves seasonality and uncertainty in both demand and lead-times, heterogeneous delivery locations, and lost sales. Beyond the traditional performance metrics of system service...