We study alternative specifications of conditional quantile models that are used to estimate Value at Risk (VaR). Our proposed specifications include the incorporation of a slow moving component in the quantile process, along with recent aggregate returns as regressors. We consider a range of...

This paper examines the effects of liquidity on stock and portfolio risk measures by analyzing Value at Risk (VaR). Using daily stock returns and firm market capitalization, empirical calculations confirmed that VaR has not yet succeeded to prove patterns of relation between risk and liquidity,...

We propose a new approach to portfolio optimization by separating asset return distributions into positive and negative half-spaces. The approach minimizes a newly-defined Partitioned Value-at-Risk (PVaR) risk measure by using half-space statistical information. Using simulated data, the PVaR...

Historical VaR, CVaR and ES (Expected Shortfall) to LIQUIDATION Software is a model characterized by its straightforwardness, allowing regulators measure risk using a standard database of primitive factors and portfolio positions only, leaving little error margin in comparing market risk for...

Risk and return play a central role in financial theory. Return is easily measurable and is a percentage number indicating by how much the value of an investment or asset has changed from the previous period. But how should risk be measured? Over longer holding periods, return generation is...

Banks produce short-term debt for transactions and storing value. The value of bank money must not vary over time so agents can easily trade this debt at par. This requires that no agent finds it profitable to produce costly private information about the bank's loans. To produce safe liquidity...

The presence of options in a portfolio fundamentally alters the portfolio's risk and return profiles when compared to an all equity portfolio. In this paper, we advocate modeling a risk-based criterion for optioned portfolio selection and rebalancing problems. The criterion is inspired by...

We analyze hedging strategies that minimize tail risk measured by Value-at-Risk (VaR) or Conditional-Value-at-Risk (CVaR). In particular, we derive first-order conditions characterizing VaR- and CVaR-minimal hedging with futures in regime-switching models. Using cross-hedging examples, we...

Many financial decisions such as portfolio allocation, risk management, option pricing and hedge strategies are based on the forecast of the conditional variances, covariances and correlations of financial returns. Although the decisions are based on forecasts covariance matrix little is known...

This article studies the optimal portfolio selection of expected utility maximizing investors who must also manage their market-risk exposures. The risk is measured by a so-called weighted Value-at-Risk (WVaR) risk measure, which is a generalization of both Value-at-Risk (VaR) and Expected...