. Violence and conflicts increased in Mexican municipalities suitable for opium production, as they became highly valuable to drug … cartels. People migrated out of these municipalities to escape this violence, mostly to areas close to the US border and into …

high rates of regional violence. But little quantitative evidence exists on the causal relationship between violence and … international emigration in this or any other region. This paper studies the relationship between violence in the Northern Triangle …-term increases in violence is roughly equal to the explanatory power of long-term economic characteristics like average income and …

victimization surveys and compares the role of individual and family characteristics for five forms of childhood violence, including …, aggravated violence, and domestic abuse; that 30% of young victims of sex and threats will be victimized again; and that the …