Emerging markets' political, economic, and social transition processes led to altered demographic trends and new macroeconomic dynamics in these economies. These changes triggered the growth of the middle class that became an essential factor of emerging markets' attractiveness for sales and...

As China passes through its Lewis turning point characterized first by the appearance of a labor shortage and a constant increase in wages, its labor market shows both features of the dual economy and neoclassical growth. This paper first depicts the trend of population as a root cause of the...

Germany should pay more attention to risks in procurement, manufacturing and sales in China. First, China’s population has been shrinking since 2022 and is rapidly ageing; this will cause its economic strength as well as production and consumption opportuni-ties to decrease. Secondly, the...

During the past 40 years, the economy of the People's Republic of China (PRC) has achieved miraculous growth, a significant part of which many have attributed to its favorable labor supply resulting from the country's "demographic dividend"-that is, a relatively large share of the working-age...

Far-reaching changes in the People's Republic of China's economic and social policy have been decided and carried out since 1978. The following article analyses a number of selected aspects of the economic order to illustrate the direction the reforms are taking and the limitations to which they...