This paper analyses the role of third parties in the enforcement of the Foreign Subsidy Regulation (FSR). It focuses on … of third parties.Third parties might have a vested interest in the enforcement of FSR against subsidy beneficiaries … because they might be affected by the distortive effects of foreign subsidies. The subsidy might put the beneficiary …

almost entirely by the taxpayer (i.e., the “civil judicial subsidy”). In this Article I ask: is that right? Or is there a … facilitates analysis of the purpose, contours, and cost of the current judicial subsidy. We subsidize court use because, in theory … cases. To the extent that assumption is mistaken, a precisely measured, differentiated subsidy - one which distinguishes …