seizures, random mandatory drug test results, various measures of harm, violence, and causes of death. I first document a large … increase in NPS availability and an alarming correlation with the steep rise in harm and violence behind bars. I then evaluate … in violence, self-harm, and suicides following the law. Collectively, the findings suggest unwarranted responses to …

impoverished neighborhood, I examine the everyday violence and the responses of the population. Due to the deficient infrastructure …

high temperatures increase intense violence among the incarcerated. Days with unsafe heat index levels shift both the … intensive and extensive margins of violence, raising daily violent interactions by 20%, and the probability of any violence by … 18%. Our setting cleanly identifies the effect of heat on violence, and highlights previously unobserved social costs of …

Theories of violence have traditionally predicted that bystanders are less likely to intervene when in the presence of … others than when alone. We re-examine this prediction using data from 42 episodes of public violence in quot …-transition diagrams. Analyses revealed that bystanders play a key role in shaping the trajectory of violence. They contributed more de …

lockdowns on the incidence of domestic violence (DV) have reported relatively modest effects. This may reflect a low reporting …