impoverished neighborhood, I examine the everyday violence and the responses of the population. Due to the deficient infrastructure …

Theories of violence have traditionally predicted that bystanders are less likely to intervene when in the presence of … others than when alone. We re-examine this prediction using data from 42 episodes of public violence in quot …-transition diagrams. Analyses revealed that bystanders play a key role in shaping the trajectory of violence. They contributed more de …