We develop an overlapping generations model where consumption is the source of polluting emissions. Pollution stock … and vanishes beyond a critical level of pollution. We first show that multiple equilibria exist. More importantly, some … exhibit irreversible pollution levels although an abatement activity is operative. Thus, the simple engagement of maintenance …

We study the welfare, energy poverty, and CO2 emission implications of energy price change scenarios in Indonesia. Our … money‐metric utility effects and look at energy poverty, which is understood as the absence of or imperfect access to … substantial effects on energy poverty. Fourth, our analysis explicitly considers the emissions effects of energy price scenarios …

This paper introduces a theory-based equivalence scale for public in-kind transfers, which justifies comparison of …, education and childcare expenditure on estimates of income inequality and poverty for 24 European countries. The empirical … results show significant effects of public in-kind transfers on the level of income inequality and poverty for all countries …