, gold price and USD exchange rate in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in 55 Asian and 32 European countries from 11 … causality between stock market and gold price. In addition, there is a unidirectional relationship between the stock market and … the USD exchange rate, while the gold price and the USD exchange rate are completely independent of each other. Meanwhile …

This paper investigates inter-relationships among the price behavior of oil, gold and the euro using time series and … neural network methodologies. Traditionally gold is a leading indicator of future inflation. Both the demand and supply of … are employed to test these hypotheses. We find that the markets for oil, gold and the euro are efficient but have limited …

. Although for many years it was considered that gold has the role of a safe haven, an increasing number of recent works … haven. Therefore, the paper examines whether gold and bitcoin, the latter as the best representative of cryptocurrencies …, can play the role of safe haven in relation to European indices. In the paper, this hypothesis was confirmed for gold and …