Ant Colony Optimization is a relatively new meta-heuristic that has proven its quality and versatility on various combinatorial optimization problems such as the traveling salesman problem, the vehicle routing problem and the job shop scheduling problem.(...)

A consequence of the Hahn-Banach theorem is the classical bipolar theorem which states that the bipolar of a subset of a locally convex vector pace equals its closed convex hull.(...)

The Fundamental Theorem of Asset Pricing states - roughly speaking - that the absence of arbitrage possibilities for a stochastic process S is equivalent to the existence of an equivalent martingale measure for S. It turns out that it is quite hard to give precise and sharp versions of this...

The quarterly International Economic Trends is a compilation of data on the G-7 countries and the euro area, including output, inflation, labor markets, interest rates, government budgets, international trade, and more. A brief essay in each issue covers a topic relevant to international economics.

The scaling function from multiresolution analysis can be used to constuct asmoothing tool in the context of time series analysis. We give a -based timeseries smoothing function for which we show the properties of a quasilinearmoving average. Furthermore, we discuss its features and especially...