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Tacit collusion reduces welfare comparably to explicit collusion but remains mostly unaddressed by antitrust enforcement which greatly depends on evidence of explicit communication. We propose to target specific elements of firms' behavior that facilitate tacit collusion by providing...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10009777055
This paper aims at highlighting the Commission's approach towards the relation between sector specific regulation and general competition law, especially concerning energy markets and the road to Internal Market objective.We firstly present Trinko case, in order to focus on two crucial and...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013069619
common beliefs and the existing literature, that conspirators often apply for leniency long after a cartel collapses. We …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10009685867
China is a rising global power with a growing role and impact on the world's energy markets as well as on the Earth's climate system. China pursues its development in an essentially non-confrontational manner, a vision encapsulated by the notion of peaceful rise which is viewed positively in the...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011392322
Following the collapse of the Soviet Union, Western countries have signed several agreements regarding the use of hydrocarbon resources in the Caspian Basin, with the aim of diversifying their energy suppliers. However, recession in the world economy and persistently low oil prices have...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012110274
This paper analyzes dynamic cartel formation and antitrust enforcement when firms operate in demand-related markets. We … show that cartel prosecution can have a knock-on effect: desisting a cartel in one market reduces profits and cartel … stability and leads to the break-up of the cartel in the adjacent market. Cartel prosecution can also have a waterbed effect …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10003850139
While price-fixing cartel prosecutions have received significant attention, the policy determinants and the political ….S. antitrust cartel prosecutions during the period 1969-2013. This period has seen substantive policy innovations with increasing … penalties related to fines and jail terms. There appear to be four distinct cartel policy regimes: pre-1978, 1978-1992, 1993 …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011346282
The paper focuses on the various methods used to quantify cartel damages, which have become more and more important as … legal environments with regards to the estimation approaches being used for quantification of cartel damages. The direct …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010230329
This chapter examines anti-cartel enforcement in selected jurisdictions around the world, paying particular attention …. There are numerous indicators that enforcement in North America comes closest to optimal deterrence of illegal cartel … against cartel violators is hampered by court rules that severely limit the rights of cartel victims to seek compensation in …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013136896