The emergence of the Internet as a commercialization method has offered organizations many opportunities. However, when buyers want to execute a transaction online, a certain distrust typically accompanies the need to provide personal data. To address this problem, assurance seals have been...

With its recent legislation on consumer ADR and ODR, the European Union (EU) pioneers the creation of a comprehensive out-of-court dispute resolution system for B2C conflicts. The proposed system raises questions as to how consumer rights can and should be efficiently enforced. We propose design...

This article uses the example of one of the best-known global payment systems provided by an online platform, PayPal, to analyze the role of private legal orders in creating new markets beyond jurisdictional borders. It shows that a relatively uniform legal order reduces risks involved in...

The global financial crisis triggered a vast number of new laws and regulations at international level, including initiatives that can be classified as "soft law". The legitimacy and efficacy of these new norms are subject to intensive academic and political debates. At the same time, soft law...

Ethylzingerone with INCI name 'Hydroxyethoxyphenyl Butanone' (HEPB) Cosmetics Europe No P98 - CAS No 569646-79-3 is a cosmetic ingredient not regulated under Cosmetic Regulation No 1223/2009 with the function as skin conditioning agent. In September 2015, the Commission' services received a...

2023 Report of the European Panel to the European Commission in application of Decision 1194/2011/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 November 2011 establishing a European Union action for the European Heritage Label.

This article provides a comprehensive overview of the regulations on e-commerce protection rules in China and the European Union. It starts by giving a general overview of different approaches towards consumer protection in e-commerce. This article then scrutinizes the current legal system in...

Besides the general consumer rights guaranteed in EU legislation, the EU has defined since the opening of the energy supply market a set of rights that all EU citizens enjoy as energy consumers. Their aim is to help you, amongst other things, to get a better deal, and to track and manage your...

Besides the general consumer rights guaranteed in EU legislation, the EU has defined since the opening of the energy supply market a set of rights that all EU citizens enjoy as energy consumers. Their aim is to help you, amongst other things, to get a better deal, and to track and manage your...

European Consumer Centres (ECCs) provide information, free advice and assistance on cross-border shopping in the EU, Norway and Iceland. They are co-financed by the European Commission and national governments in order to make sure that everyone can take full advantage of the Single Market, both...