On October 6 and 7 in 1989 Michail Gorbatschow, then USSR Head of State, visited the German Democratic Republic (GDR) in Berlin to celebrate, with the GDR Leadership, the 40th Anniversary of the Establishment of the GDR. Very little is remembered of this occasion at a time when the GDR regime...

This chapter reviews the data and literature on gender, race and ethnicity differences in research funding in the United States and Europe. The gender gap in research funding has closed at the National Science Foundation and National Institutes of Health in the United States and substantially...

Waves of military technological changes have swept through the Eurasian land mass since the dawn of civilization. Military technological changes decisively shaped geopolitics and the fortunes of states, empires and civilizations. In his book Jimmy Teng claims that to understand the impacts of...

Europeanization is a concept predominantly concerned with the domestic impact of the EU whilst less concerned with its historical foundations and wider geographical reach. By forwarding a Historical Sociological conceptualization of Europeanization it is revealed that the concept suffers from...