latest waves of offshoring activities from "old" to "new" EU members may have been more likely to hurt (low-skill) workers in … the old EU than offshoring to east Asia. -- Offshoring ; gravity …

ultimately on economic growth in EU, but it is limited in magnitude. Moreover, the effect of FDI on growth is stronger for New EU …

a historical database of European roads networks has been constructed covering all EU27 countries. This database enables … to evaluate to what extent EU infrastructure policy has led to an improvement of the accessibility of peripheral regions …

income shock in the EU, compared to 32 per cent in the US. In the case of an unemployment shock 47 percent of the shock are … absorbed in the EU, compared to 34 per cent in the US. This cushioning of disposable income leads to a demand stabilization of … up to 30 per cent in the EU and up to 20 per cent in the US. There is large heterogeneity within the EU. Automatic …