Soon, euro area membership could more than double, with the vast majority of accession countries being quite different in economic terms compared with current members. Under the current decision-making system, this can lead to high decisionmaking costs and there is a risk that monetary policy...

There is some evidence that interdependencies among European banks have increased over the past 15 years and that the potential of systemic risks in banking has shifted from a national level to a European level. Whereas wholesale financial markets are considered to be highly integrated within...

The paper focuses on the constitutional analysis of the European Central Bank (ECB). During the financial and fiscal crisis the role and actions of the ECB have far exceeded what was traditionally considered normal conduct of monetary policy and also what was envisaged in the Maastricht Treaty....