This study examines the relationship between firm innovation and CSR. Stakeholders’ concern over transaction-specific investments exacerbates when firms engage heavily in innovation activities. To secure stakeholders’ support, firms adopt CSR effectively as an ex ante signal of...

Afforestation and reforestation (A&R) play crucial roles in mitigating land degradation and enhancing the carbon sink capacity of terrestrial ecosystems, making them integral components in addressing climate change challenges. However, the potential economic implications of A&R in the context of...