Ambitious unilateral EU environmental policy has raised concerns about adverse competitiveness implications for … measures to address these concerns in the EU Emission Trading Scheme (EU ETS): border tax adjustments (BTA) and the Clean … policy on energy-intensive and export-oriented industries. The regulatory protection of these industries via subsidies for EU …

to climate neutrality play a central role in this, as the sector is responsible for 16 percent of the EU's CO2 emissions … Energy and Climate Plans and in the EU governance structure. …

climate policy addressing global externalities. The debate is particularly salient in Europe, where the EU Emissions … TradingSystem (EU ETS) covers emissions of many traded sectors. In a first step, we review how carbon leakage and the pollution … introduced by the EU ETS has caused carbon leakage in European manufacturing. We compute trade flows in embodied carbon and value …