-crisis levels. Most poverty and inequality indicators fell over the period. …

Over two centuries, Colombia transferred vast quantities of land, equivalent to the entire UK landmass, mainly to … landless peasants. And yet Colombia retains one of the highest concentrations of land ownership in the world. Why? We show that … land reform's effects are highly bimodal. Most of Colombia's 1100+ municipalities lack a landed elite. Here, rural …

-benefit policies stabilized earnings losses. We then evaluate the impact on income-based poverty and inequality and the contribution of … discretionary tax-benefit policies in alleviating the shock. Our analysis shows modest increases in headcount poverty rates and … inequality, and somewhat larger effects on the poverty gap due to lower relative earnings losses of the poor population at the …