Bank levies have been implemented broadly in Europe in differing ways. This paper offers an analysis of the UK bank levy, compares it to the levies in France and Germany, and outlines the US position. It particularly highlights the marked instability which has characterised the UK levy and the...

Using the 2008-09 Global financial crisis and the 2012 Euro area sovereign debt crisis as natural experiments, we investigate the effects of contractions in credit supply on R&D spending in a large sample of European firms. Our identification strategy exploits differences in financial...

We develop a horizontal R&D growth model that allows us to investigate the different channels through which financial reforms affect R&D investment and patent activity. First, a “micro” reform that abolishes barriers to entry in the banking sector produces a straightforward result: a...

This paper introduces and analyses China's latest reform of capital markets law in light of its recent launch of the sci-tech innovation board (star market) to facilitate the fundraising of technological and innovative businesses. It evaluates the functions and justifications for the star...

Why do some banks fail in financial crises while others survive? This article answers this question by analysing the effect of the Dutch financial crisis of the 1920s on 142 banks, of which 33 failed. We find that choices of balance sheet composition and product market strategy made in the...