a major role in the determination of this historical event, but that the quality of institutions also mattered. We … evaluate separately the impact of political institutions linked to democracy and suffrage and of those institutions more … find that both sets of institutions contributed to this event, even after controlling for their potential endogeneity …

Extremist activities and violence in the centres of conflict in the Sahel (i.e. Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger) are … increases in refugees, especially from Burkina Faso. The Sahel conflict may affect economic performance in the focus countries ….g. trade, investment, remittances) with conflict-affected countries, and their policy response (e.g. refugee management …

development. A feature of contemporary hunger crises is their tight links to conflicts. Religious institutions and leaders are …