Increases in world oil prices since 2004 have challenged consumers and oil-importing countries across the world. Oil prices temporarily fell sharply in 2009, only to triple three years later. The oil import share of gross domestic product rose by nearly half among net oil importers in just two...

Several competition authorities have accused petrol retailers of engaging in collusive conduct, which results in alleged “excessive” prices as well as simultaneous price setting across filling stations. However, petrol retailers must exert a substantial amount of market power if they are to...

This is a copy of my PhD thesis. The five other retail petroleum papers on this site are all derived from this work, which provides more background than is in any of these five papers.A more detailed abstract is available in the overview of thesis

The Supreme Court’s 1911 decision in Standard Oil gave us embryonic versions of two foundational standards of liability under the Sherman Act: the rule of reason under Section 1 and the monopoly power/exclusionary conduct test under Section 2. But a case filed later in 1911, United States v....