Airline industry restructuring proceeded in high gear following the 9/11 attacks, which triggered a global air transport crisis in the beginning of the new millennium. European (network) legacy carriers have been reorganizing to meet low-cost challengers in European and new competition in global...

Empirical studies on information communication technologies (ICT) typically aggregate the informationʺ and communicationʺ components together. We show theoretically and empirically that these have very different effects on the empowerment of employees, and by extension on wage inequality. If...