Previous research, which has focused mostly on pre-1990 dynamics, has shown that sanctions have a negative impact on the level of democracy in targeted authoritarian countries. Given this finding, it is puzzling that democratization has become the most common goal of sanctions issued against...

Die Sozialpolitik galt über Jahrzehnte hinweg als ein hyperstabiles Politikfeld. In der Policy-Analyse führte man diese institutionelle Beharrungstendenz gegenüber grundlegenden Veränderungen auf die in sich geschlossene Gemeinschaft der "Sopos" aus Verbänden und Parteien zurück. Christine...

This article is a continuation of two essays by the same author on Soviet/Russian economic debates between 1987 and 2002 published in Europe-Asia Studies in 2006 and 2007, so now the series of articles covers 20 years of Soviet/Russian discussions on economic reforms. Should Russia strive to...

The ""red files"" revealed. Examining the period from the early 1930s through Stalin's death in 1953?the height of the Stalinist regime?this enlightening book reveals what we have learned from the archives, what has surprised us, and what has confirmed what we already knew. Most of the authors...