We extend the literature on life cycle behavior of faculty researchers by assuming two knowledge stocks, scientific (free to all) and patentable (appropriable). Faculty derive utility from research effort, leisure, prestige in knowledge accumulation, and income. Faculty with a strong preference...

Biological invasions are classical examples of externalities. The risks and damages from biological invasions are endogenous, depending on how society protects itself from invasions, and how it reacts to them after they occur. This paper analyzes a dynamic model in which society can undertake a...

This paper empirically examines commercialization of university faculty inventions through startup firms from 1994 through 2008. Using data from the Association of University Technology Managers and the 2010 NRC doctoral rankings, our research reveals several findings. We find that university...

Maximizing the production of ecosystem services is a necessity for resource management particularly when increasing the provision of one service decreases the provision of another. In these instances, it is important to estimate the value of ecosystem services to efficiently distribute...

At present, likelihood ratios for two-level models are determined with the use of a normal kernel estimation procedure when the between-group distribution is thought to be non-normal. An extension is described herefor a two-level model in which the between-group distribution is very positively...