digitalization of content, causing market exit and long-term consolidation in many countries. Competition policy in media markets is … not only concerned with this trend because of reduced economic competition, but also because of potentially reduced … pluralism is not. Moreover, a monopoly market does not necessarily o.er less pluralism than a competitive one. …

issue of government regulation of content and access. The first issue (economic competition) is indistinguishable from that … approach to measurement. The second problem (competition in the market place of ideas, which I call Miltonian competition) can … end users and content suppliers are free to find each other on the Internet, then barriers to Miltonian competition (and …

The model of perfect competition is one of the most famous, most important, and most misunderstood concepts in … economics. Rather than aiming to be a full-blown model of real-world competitive markets, the perfect competition model isolates … only feature of market competition, but it plays a central role regarding to its virtues, and understanding the working …

extent of competition from substitute products. I estimate that, in 2019, public corporations produced consumer surplus in …