dispersion. One explanation may be that India was a partially integrated economy at the time of railroad expansion. Lines …” on lines between British India and princely states …

contribution to income per-capita growth in India compared to the most dynamic Latin American economies between 1860 and 1912. The … smaller contribution in India is related to four factors: (1) the smaller size of railway freight revenues in the Indian …

the Indian economy. We highlight four main points. First, the Government of India had a strong influence on railways from … railway development. We review the relationship between Government of India ownership and operating efficiency. Perhaps …