The paper assesses the multilateral development financing system in the light of the replenishments of three key funds in 2013. It argues that the replenishments showed strong continuing support for each institution, but identifies challenges emerging from the reliance on traditional donors and...

The Fourth World Conference on Women, held in Beijing in September 1995, provided an opportunity for the world community to focus attention on areas of critical concern for women worldwide — concerns that stem from social problems embracing both men and women, and that require solutions...

Effect of the IMF on public wages and salaries in democracies and non-democracies. In developing countries, governments often face strategic incentives to devote public expenditures to public wages and salaries, and such expenditures can play a vital role in fostering economic progress and...

The response of intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) to the pressure of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) is undertheorized. Scholarship on NGOs around IGOs is frequently idiosyncratic and laudatory, and we lack cumulation for cross-IGO generalizations about NGO impact within the frame of...