This paper theoretically and empirically analyzes the effect of strengthening intellectual property rights in developing countries on the level and composition of industrial development. We develop a North-South product cycle model in which Northern innovation, Southern imitation, and FDI are...

In this paper, the author argues that compulsory licenses might potentially amount to indirect expropriation provided that their effects constitute a severe curtailment of the patent rights. Inasmuch as the expropriation standards in BIAs differ from those articulated under the TRIPS Agreement,...

In the last twenty years, many developing countries have undertaken serious reforms of their intellectual property rights (IPR) systems in terms of strengthening of their protection and regulating for more efficient enforcement. This process has been stimulated by numerous multilateral, regional...

This chapter discusses whether foreign investors, specifically pharmaceutical companies, could challenge India's regulatory measures that impact their patents under India's BITs. More specifically, the paper will focus on whether regulatory measures such as compulsory licensing of pharmaceutical...