Growing criticism of inefficient development aid demanded new planning instruments of donors, including international NGOs (INGOs). A reorientation from isolated project-planning towards holistic country concepts and the increasing rationality of a result-orientated planning process were seen as...

The influence of NGOs in international development policy and practice has grown exponentially since the end of the Cold War. These NGOs' agendas now compete with donor states' in setting the priorities for international development assistance. Indeed, many NGOs now claim that the legitimacy of...

Research and development (R&D) is a common process in for-profit organizations. Despite the benefits, it is not routinely practiced in nonprofit organizations, in part because it is difficult to identify the effects of programs that are designed to involve individuals over long periods of time....

This chapter addresses the issue of social protection and welfare in Africa. Africa is a highly diversified continent characterized by different socio-economic performances. It comprises the more developed countries of North Africa, as well as the less developed sub-region of Sub-Saharan Africa....