We show how an upstream firm by using a price-dependent profit-sharing rule can prevent destructive competition between downstream firms that produce relatively close substitutes. With this rule the upstream firm induces the retailers to behave as if demand has become less price elastic. As a...

"This study reviews regulatory instruments designed to reduce environmental externalities from the transport sector. The study finds that the main regulatory instruments used in practice are fuel economy standards, vehicle emission standards, and fuel quality standards. Although industrialized...

Des services de transport de qualité apportent beaucoup à la productivité d’une économie et élargissent l’éventail des activités accessibles aux consommateurs. Ils requièrent des infrastructures adéquates et des conditions raisonnables d’utilisation de ces infrastructures....

This study reviews regulatory instruments designed to reduce environmental externalities from the transport sector. We find that the main regulatory instruments used in practice are fuel economy standards, vehicle emission standards, and fuel quality standards. While industrialized countries...

Infrastrukturen in Verkehrssektoren sind regelmäßig Gegenstand von Diskussionen um Marktversagen und Markteingriffe. Die in der EU verfolgten Regulierungsansätze und die daraus entstandene Regulierungslandschaft insbesondere in Verkehrssektoren sind dadurch divers: Während...